Life Can Bring On Wild Challenges Day After Day - 886 Words

Life tends to bring on wild challenges day after day. People make decisions multiple times a day without even noticing it. Some challenges are easy to overcome; others tend to take a while longer to figure out. Sometimes you just need to do a pros and cons list, a lot of research, and give yourself some time to think about your decision. One of these decisions is a big one in my life that I will need to make one day if I ever want to have children of my own. I have been told that I may never be able to carry a child due to my Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). This is, I’m sure difficult for any female to hear in their child bearing age. PCOS is a hormonal imbalance in woman, with this it makes it difficult to get pregnant. Because of this I may have to settle on two options, adoption or surrogacy. This paper will look at the pros and cons for both, maybe helping me figure out what may be the best path in the future. â€Å"There are 423,773 children in the U.S. foster care system; 114,556 of these children are available for adoption† (Thomas). Growing up, being in high school, I never thought about adoption. Now that I am older adoption is definitely an option in my eyes. There are so many loving children out in foster care that would do anything to have a family. Knowing that the amount of children being adopted is less than the amount of children that end up in foster care is heartbreaking. One issue I have with adoption is, can I afford it? I have always thought that adoptingShow MoreRelatedEveryday People Encounter Challenges That Stand In Their1356 Words   |  6 Pagesencounter challenges that stand in their way of achieving their goals, but with sheer determination most accomplish their mission. In the short story â€Å"A Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty, Phoenix Jackson, the main character, has a mission to complete while confronting many challenges. The challenges that Phoneix must overcome on her journey to get medicine for her grandson are those of humiliation, old age, and numerous of others. Throughout the story Phoenix overcome these challenges by using herRead MoreDiscriptive Essay Trip to Cancun.833 Words   |  4 PagesMy Trip to Cancun, Mexico! Cancun Mexico is a place if amazing beaches, wild life, and many adventures that can’t be found anywhere else. The many different kinds of resorts that they have to offer is what makes Cancun a great vacation spot. All the resorts are combined so that way any guest that stays in Cancun can just jump from one resort to another. The resorts offer adventures and beaches with crystal clear waters at anyone’s finger tips, I loved being spoiled the whole time I was there. TheRead MoreUnited Nations Environment Programme ( Unep ) Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesconfinement by zoos to eliminate cruelty. To begin with, wild animals were not meant for zoos, they belong in the wild. The wild is land uninhabited by people; a place where adapted animals breed, engage in social behavior and hunt just as the humans. In the wild, dozens of thousands of animals migrate in herds for about thirty to fifty miles a day, in search of food or a place to breed. Naturally, animals thrive and behave differently in the wild when compared to animals in a controlled environmentRead MoreWas Chris McCandless Prepared When He Went Into The Wild? Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages The book about Chris McCandless’s journey into the Alaskan bush, Into The Wild by Jon Krakauer, received a lot of criticism about Chris being foolish for being unprepared. From the articles that I have read, most of the sources do believe that he was poorly prepared for his journey. But there are a few people who believe he was prepared mentally, and an even smaller amount believe he was fully prepared. I believe that Chris only knew what he was doing mentally. He did not have the correct toolsRead MoreOur Relationship With Nature Explored in Jon Krakauers Into the Wild1107 Words   |  5 Pages In Into the Wild, Jon Krakauer explores the human fascination with the purpose of life and nature. Krakauer documents the life and death of Chris McCandless, a young man that embarked on an Odyssey in the Alaskan wilderness. Like many people, McCandless believed that he could give his life meaning by pursuing a relationship with nature. He also believed that rejecting human relationships, abandoning his materialistic ways, and purchasing a book about wildlife would strengthen hisRead MoreA Worn Path by Phoenix Jackson1085 Words   |  5 PagesHer stream-of-conscience thoughts describe the changes she encounters as she walks through pine trees, crosses a stream and meets a mysterious white man and his dog, and as she sits at the doctor’s office. The story opens on a bright frozen December day. Phoenix is an old black woman who is making her way slowly through the dark pine woods, moving a little from side to side. The narrator states, â€Å"She carried a thin, small cane made from an umbrella† (95). She is wearing a â€Å"dark stripped dress reachingRead MoreWolves: The Things You Didn’t Know 875 Words   |  4 Pagespacks, a pack essentially being a family. While the average size of a pack is six to ten, the largest confirmed pack recorded in North America can be found in Yellowstone National Park where the â€Å"Druid Pack† numbers thirty-seven strong and counting. There have been alleged reports of a pack that attacked a small Russian town killing thirty horses in just four days. This pack numbered up to almost 400 members. Animal experts remain suspicious due to the fact that this number is almost fifteen times theRead MoreHunting Is No Longer Necessary For Survival1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthat m ost hunters now days still eat the meat from the animals that they kill for sport and pleasure. However, hunting is no longer necessary for survival. Many people of today’s society question whether hunting has a negative impact on the environment, and is it considered just to kill some animals for the benefit of others. Hunting is can be considered a positive activity for the many reasons, including that it offers a natural source of food for the humane population, it can be a stress-relievingRead MoreEssay on Life of Pi (Unabridged) by Yann Martel1322 Words   |  6 Pagesthe tiger has dispatched all but Pi, whose fear, knowledge, and cunning allow him to coexist with Richard Parker for 227 days while lost at sea. When they finally reach the coast of Mexico, Richard Parker flees to the jungle, never to be seen again. The Japanese authorities that interrogate Pi refuse to believe his story and press him to tell them quot;the truth.quot; After hours of coercion, Pi tells a s econd story, a story much less fantastical, much more conventional — but is it more true? Read MoreThe Change-Personal Narrative Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumed in the January resolution ritual of making promises of changing my life, but retreating from them as March approaches. But I decided to carry through with my commitments this year. Three of my closest friends and I decided to challenge ourselves after days of relaxation in the safety and shelter of civilization and to return to the isolation of the wilderness. Despite the nobility of our quest we were forced to bring along miniature symbols of the world we were leaving for basic survival

Machiavelli s The Prince And Leviathan - 2240 Words

Although misunderstood when introduced to society during their time, Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince and Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan have been two of the most influential political works in history. The Prince and Leviathan, although seen as immoral and almost wicked works of their time, have guided many political thinkers, even America’s own Thomas Jefferson, on the subject of governance and power. This paper will compare the similarities and differences between both works in terms of the historical settings in which they were written as well as between the two distinct political philosophies presented by each man. More specifically, this paper will differentiate the purpose of power between Machiavelli’s theory of an absolute ruler separated from morals and ethics compared to Hobbes’ reasoning for a necessary and absolute ruler to put an end to the chaotic â€Å"state of nature† he presents. Identification of Documents The Prince, written by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1513 in his native Italian language, was a book dedicated to Florence’s then leader Lorenzo de’Medici in an effort for Machiavelli to gain a position in Florence’s new government. The book was intended to help guide Lorenzo and other present and future leaders in gaining and maintaining power, more specifically to aid Lorenzo in unifying Italy under one ruler. Machiavelli lived during a time of great political strife in Italy as the small city-states of Italy, the Papal States, and the powerful states of Spain andShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince And Hobbes Leviathan1447 Words   |  6 PagesHobbes and Niccolà ² Machiavelli are known to be philosophers whom have helped to develop the views of political power and human nature. Both men had very different views from one another, yet at the same time they did indeed have many similarities. From having opposite views on Political Powe r, to having alike views on Human Nature, Hobbes and Machiavelli are men whom have shaped political philosophy throughout our time. Through the works of Machiavelli’s, The Prince and Hobbes’ Leviathan their views areRead MoreThe Nature Of Human Beings By Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince, And Thomas Hobbes Leviathan1450 Words   |  6 Pagesbeings. However, this does not give us the right to disregard emotional feelings that fall beyond rationality and other animals do not share the same qualities. Renà © Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli’s The Prince, and Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, support this ideology that the depth of human beings fall beyond reason, solidifying that emotions are also a foundation to human existence. Thomas Hobbes adds significant insight to the claim that human existence stretches beyondRead MoreDifferent Philosophers, Nicolo Machiavelli And Thomas Hobbes1326 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers, Nicolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. Both Machiavelli and Hobbes express their thoughts and opinions on the topic of human nature in their work. In Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† dating back to the renaissance is one of the most controversial pieces of writing still studied to this day. Machiavelli believes that we are born either powerful or born as nobody’s or as â€Å"private citizens† as he describes it (Machiavelli, The Prince, Chapters 12-18). Within this piece Machiavelli outlines and providesRead MoreDiffering Veiws of Liberty and Freedom from Machiavelli and Hobbes1828 Words   |  7 PagesLiberty and freedom are central topics that both Machiavelli and Hobbes touch upon as authors of their individual works. While both authors feel that the idea of liberty and freedom is directly tied to politics, rulers and government, the way they associate these ideas with each other is very different. Machiavelli has several different definitions of liberty. Ultimately however, he believes that liberty is a right that the public obtains and that the republic is a state of government in which changeRe ad MoreThe Prince After The English Civil War1035 Words   |  5 PagesMacchiavelli wrote his book The Prince after having assisted in the creation of a republic in Florence at a time when several Italian states were fighting for control. Philosopher Thomas Hobbes wrote his work The Leviathan under the English Civil War when it was clear that the king was not able to keep his people safe. These backdrops of political unrest helped mold both philosophers attitudes toward both the government and the people living under it. Machiavelli saw the stability of the state withRead MoreThe Human Nature Of The Prince, Thomas Hobbes And James Madison1447 Words   |  6 Pagesus. Actions, whether they are good or bad, also derive from our most inner thoughts. The question now is what type of reasoning is natural to us all? This human nature is a topic explored by thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan, Niccollà ² Machiavelli in The Prince, Thomas Hobbes and James Madison in The Essentia l Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers. Human nature is the force that pushes an individual to his or her actions. Political theory, as a result, is shaped around this nature forRead MoreAnalysis Of Machiavelli s The Prince 1505 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance in each text. Machiavelli believed that, â€Å"a ruler must think only of military matters, and in time of peace he should be even more occupied with them than in times of war† (The Prince, 46). Furthermore, â€Å"he will never relax during peacetime, but will always be working to take advantage of the opportunities peace presents, so he will be fully prepared when adversity comes. When his luck changes, he must be ready to fight back† (The Prince, 47). Therefore, according to Machiavelli during periods ofRead MoreIn Nature Of Politics, We Have Read And Gone Over Many1743 Words   |  7 Pages In Nature of Politics, we have read and gone over many pieces of literature ranging from Machiavelli’s The P rince, which focuses on the art of maintained and failed principalities, to the Federalist papers’ rational defense of the United States constitution and pluralistic decentralization of government to Dostoevsky’s idea of â€Å"miracle, mystery, and authority† that is framed by the Grand Inquisitor detailed, albeit somewhat twisted, thinking and so on. From these readings, one is taught to graspRead MoreHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli The thirteenth through the eighteenth century brought profound changes in the political realm of Western civilization. Beginning with the Scientific Revolution and only advancing during the Renaissance, secularization and skepticism lead to changes in not only the intellectual life of Westerners, but also to their politics. At the forefront of the political debate were well-versed men such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. The influencesRead MoreThe Prince And His Power1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Prince and His Power Kings ruled during the Early Modern Period in Europe and many Europeans addressed this. The issue of the prince and his power was discussed by statesmen, observers of the king, philosophers, political theorists, and bishops. Kings themselves would use various methods to not only build up their image, but to promote the power of the monarch. Each of these individuals had different views on by what means the prince got his power and how the prince should rule. The first view

Communication Skills and Strategies for Improvement

Question: Discuss about the Communication Skills and Strategies for Improvement. Answer: Introduction: Human beings are intrinsically social beings. As such, they (human beings) communicate with each other so as to exchange certain information. Communication can assume various forms. In other words, communication can be verbal, written or non-verbal although the use of either depends on some factors which include; the context, interlocutors involved in a communicative exchange as well as the aim for the exchange (Erozkan, 2013, p. 741). Effective communication, however, must take into consideration the aspects of communication skills. Communication skills can be perceived as some of the vital, simplest and useful tools of communication that are applicable in various fields (Erozkan, 2013, p. 740). In regard to this paper, therefore, the notion that communication skills are essential to excel in any discipline or field will be discussed. In so doing, the paper thus focuses on three interpersonal skills that include; listening, feedback and questioning and how their benefits can be appl ied in the field of accounting. Ideally, listening as a communication skill precedes feedback and questioning. Usually, those engaged in communication listen for such purposes as gaining information, understanding, and learning or even for enjoyment (Ferrari-Bridgers, Vogel and Lynch, 2015, p. 4-5). Moreover, the feedback or questions posed by a listener are determined by what he/she may have heard from the speaker. Thus, the notion underpinned by this aspect is that active listening is necessary for a conversation. Active listening does not only entail hearing what is said but also understanding the message passed across. For this reason, one is obliged to pay attention to the speaker. According to Ferrari-Bridgers, Vogel and Lynch (2015, p. 9) listening is an active process that assumes certain elemental stages. Firstly, listening requires hearing. In this case, the listener listens to what the speaker says. The second stage is the understanding stage where the listener conceptualizes what he/she has heard. The l istener, therefore, interprets the message according to their understanding. Third, is the judgment stage. In this stage, the listener gauges whether what was said makes sense. For communication to be considered effective, the receiver must be a good listener (Brink and Costigan, 2015, p. 211). That is, one must give full attention to the speaker, have open mind and remain focused, allow turn taking in a conversation, listening before providing feedback, capture both minor and main ideas and ask questions where and when necessary. Through active listening, the listener can understand both surface and deep meaning of a give message. It also helps one to perceive the intended message thus avoiding confusion and misunderstanding. Roberston (2005, p. 1053) argues that listening skill is one of the soft skills for accountants. As an accountant one ought to communicate effectively with colleagues and clients thus listening is as important as speaking. Since accounting and the field of business require maximum interaction between the professional and the clients, listening skill is integral in such a context (Evans, 2015, p.38). For instance, one may meet a customer to discuss business ideas. The professional should give the client adequate time to share their opinions before he/she provides a response. This promotes understanding between the two parties and is essential to the profession since listening rules out unnecessary judgments. Typically, when two or more people are involved in a communicative context, there is always the speaker and the listener. Logically, while one person is talking the other(s) listen and also provide feedback when necessary. As a matter of fact, the aspect of feedback is inevitable in the sense that it is a skill that dominates communication exchange. Feedback is relayed in different ways that include and not limited to tone, words used, silences or body language (Ragland and Ramachandran, 2014, p.119). Whilst communication is inescapably an interactive experience it is defined by giving and receiving of Feedback. Feedback can be positive or negative. Whereas a positive feedback may encourage a speaker to continue talking, a negative feedback may dissuade the speaker from engaging in the communication. It may also result to disillusionment of one party hence discontinuation of a conversation (Ragland and Ramachandran, 2014, p. 120). Effective feedback is characterized by numerous factors. For instance, feedback should be based on clarity. In other words, feedback should not be ambiguous so as to ensure that the receiver understands it. It should also be specific as well as descriptive rather than evaluative. The feedback giver should also own the feedback, for example, by use of personal pronoun. Provision of feedback benefits the listener, the speaker and the organization at large. Feedback is fundamental in various fields and has numerous advantages (Klibi and Oussii, 2013, p. 129). Accounting is also not an exception of the benefits of feedback. Within the field of accounting, feedback is deemed essential in that it can and do play a vital role in the implementation of an organization's goals, strategies and also assists in learning. For instance, within an organization, accountability (especially financial accountability) requires substantial cooperation among the personnel involved. As a result, feedback be comes paramount in that the personnel ought to work interdependently. Feedback is also important where the workers within a given organization have to provide reports to the senior(s) (Siriwardane and Durden, 2014, p. 130). Questioning is at the heart of effective communication and exchange of information. Questioning in communication is important when one seeks for clarity, understanding or when one requires more information. However, it should be noted that questioning must be relevant to the topic of discussion. According to Boyle et al, (Boyle et al. 2014, p. 40) use of correct and relevant questions in a given situation helps improve the entire range of communication skills. For instance, questioning helps in building stronger relationships, learning as well as enabling better management of people. Some of the major categories of questions that promote effective communication include; open and closed questions, funnel questions, probing questions, rhetorical questions, and leading questions (Evans, 2015, p. 38). Although the type of questioning depends on the context of communication, different types of questions play different roles. In general, therefore, questions assists in managing and coachin g, learning, building relationship, avoiding misunderstandings, persuasion and defusing a heated situation. Questioning as a form of communication skills is equally important in the field of accounting just like other skills. In performing certain tasks pertaining to accounting, accounting personnel is involved in a number of tasks such as drafting letters, making interpretation, preparation of reports, making decisions among other tasks (Jackson, 2014, p. 27). These tasks may be performed by more than one party thus they must work together. In essence, questioning is paramount to ensure that there is adequate coordination. In addition, communication skills open doors for professionals thus enhancing professional development for employees. Jackson, (2014, p. 31) also argues that communication skills also help in preparing the accounting professionals for greater opportunities such as promotion, engaging in international accounting affairs and performance of various tasks. In order to communicate about changes, information and results regarding financial statements, accounting professionals must possess excellent communication skills. In conclusion, it is inarguable that effective communication skills are crucial in any business dealing with outsiders and employees. Since accounting is central to any form of business, excellent communication skills are necessary for this sector. Some of the chief financial tasks, for example, bill paying; recording of income, reporting and budget preparation ought to be presented to the management and the relevant bodies within a business organization. Consequently, these tasks cannot be executed without observing some of these interpersonal communication skills. Understanding the benefits of effective communication skills ensures that companies focus on the development of a workforce that is ready to keep contact with the clients and other partners. References Boyle, D. M., Mahoney, D. P., Carpenter, B. W., and Grambo, R. J. (2014). The Importance of Communication Skills at Different Career Levels. The CPA Journal, 84(8), 40. Brink, K. E., and Costigan, R. D. (2015). Oral communication skills: Are the priorities of the workplace and AACSB-accredited business programs aligned?. Academy of Management Learning Education, 14(2), 205-221. Erozkan, A. (2013). The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 739-745. Evans, L. (2015). Communication skills: A word to the wise. PS Post Script, (Jul 2015), 38. Ferrari-Bridgers, F., Vogel, R., and Lynch, B. (2015). Fostering and assessing critical listening skills in the speech course. International Journal of Listening, 1-14. Jackson, D. (2014). Business graduate performance in oral communication skills and strategies for improvement. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(1), 22-34. Klibi, M. F., and Oussii, A. A. (2013). Skills and attributes needed for success in accounting career: Do employers expectations fit with students perceptions? Evidence from Tunisia. International Journal of Business and management, 8(8), 118-132. Ragland, L., and Ramachandran, U. (2014). Towards an understanding of excel functional skills needed for a career in public accounting: Perceptions from public accountants and accounting students. Journal of Accounting Education, 32(2), 113-129. Roberston, K. (2005). Active listening: more than just paying attention. Australian family physician, 34(12), 1053. Siriwardane, H. P., and Durden, C. H. (2014). The communication skills of accountants: what we know and the gaps in our knowledge. Accounting Education, 23(2), 119-134.

The Clarinet History and Players Essay Sample free essay sample

The clarinet is such a little musical instrument. but has such a big assortment of utilizations. I play the clarinet myself. and this is what provoked me to take it as my subject. The Area of Interaction acquainted with this subject is Human Ingenuity because music is a fantastic creative activity that is a signifier of amusement to many people around the universe. The clarinet has a alone physique. a great trade of refinement to travel through. an challenging history. several â€Å"spin-offs† of itself. and has been the key to many musicians’ callings. A clarinet is â€Å"a woodwind musical instrument in the form of a cylindrical tubing holding a individual reed mouthpiece† ( Merriam Webster Intermediate Dictionary ) . The clarinet disassembles into seven parts. They are the bell. lower articulation. upper articulation. the barrel. the mouthpiece. the ligature. and the reed. The ligature holds the reed to the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates the air that is blown into the clarinet and the size of the air column determines the pitch. We will write a custom essay sample on The Clarinet: History and Players Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You change the size of the air column by puting your fingers over the holes or onto the keys on the two articulations of the clarinet. The bell’s intent is to assist the tone of the lower notes. The clarinet’s big pitch scope is divided into three scopes: The Chalumeau scope ( traveling from the lowest note. Tocopherol to B flat ) . the Clarion scope ( which goes from B to C ) . and the Altissimo scope ( which goes from C crisp on up ) . The Godhead of the clarinet was Johann Christoph Denner. He was a German instrumentalist ; nevertheless. he devoted his clip largely to polishing bing woodwind instruments. ( Encyclopedia Britannica ) . The instrument that he refined to make the clarinet was the Chalumeau. which is said to be the first individual reed instrument that existed. The Chalumeau had the scope of F ( one above the E ) to B flat. All Denner did to the chalumeau was add on a registry key. which increased the notes by a twelfth. ( The registry key made it possible that. when it was pressed. the pitch would travel up 12 notes. including the starting and stoping notes. ) After he did this. the clarinet was born. As with any new creative activity. the clarinet was refined after it was invented. Over the old ages. many different people improved the clarinet to do it easier to play and to give it a better tone. Some added keys for a longer scope. while others added parts for eloquence. Many different versions of th e clarinet were being used all the manner up until 1843. But that twelvemonth. after being developed for usage on the clarinet since 1839. The Boehm Key System was introduced for the clarinet. This became the criterion key system for the clarinet and was patented the undermentioned twelvemonth. With it. the clarinet has a really high scope. about 3 ? – 4 octaves. This cardinal system is still used today. ( Ironically. Theobald Boehm. the adult male whom the key system was named after. was non straight involved with the creative activity of this specific key system. It was named after him because he inspired the work forces who did make it with his innovation of the Boehm Key System for the flute. ) There are multiple types of clarinets. They range from the sopranino clarinet. being the highest pitched clarinet. to the octocontrabass. or subcontrabass. clarinet. being the lowest pitched clarinet ( Note that octocontrabass clarinets are non mass produced and there might merely be one in being ) . The clarinets used most often are as follows ( the figure in parenthesis is the figure of octaves the instrument is off from the standard clarinet in pitch. with the ( + ) or ( ) stating whether the instrument is higher or lower pitched. severally ) : bass fiddle clarinet ( - 2 ) . bass clarinet ( -1 ) . alto clarinet ( -7/12 ) . â€Å"A† clarinet ( -1/6 ) . B level clarinet ( 0 ) . and the E level clarinet ( +5/12 ) . ( An octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or duplicate its frequence ) . There were many people who put the betterments to utilize. but one in specific was jazz clarinettist Benny Goodman. Benny was born into a hapless Judaic household on May 30th. 1909. in Chicago. Illinois. The first clip he picked up a clarinet was at the age of 10. At the age of 12. Benny appeared onstage copying celebrated bandleader and clarinettist Ted Lewis. Benny made his first records as a leader of Ben Pollack’s set and his influence is seen at the clip of the New Orleans Rhythm Kings. The New Orleans Rhythm Kings were one of the most influential wind sets of the early-to-mid 1920s. After go forthing Chicago and traveling to New York City. Goodman became a really successful and popular free-lancer. fall ining the likes of Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey in New York studios. In 1934 Benny put together his first large set with Gene Krupa on membranophones. who subsequently gave him the dent name â€Å"The King of Swing† . The â€Å"Swing Era† was born when Goodman add ed sophisticated agreements by Fletcher Henderson. Over the following 50 old ages. Goodman spent his clip recording and touring with international groups. including successful trips to Russia and the Far East. Additionally. he performed in many classical format concerts that received assorted reappraisals ( World Wide Web. redhotjazz. com ) . Known by instrumentalists for his stand-offish and â€Å"cheap† nature. many sidemen had a love/hate relationship with Goodman. Many instrumentalists claimed that Benny was dishonest when it came clip to pay off the set and many more recalled the Goodman â€Å"ray† . the dirtiest of expressions received when a error was made. That aside. it’s clear that without Goodman the â€Å"Swing Era† would hold been nowhere nigh as strong when it became. if it came at all. After his decease. the Yale University library received most Benny Goodman’s private never-before-heard recordings and rare unpublished exposure. Another big influence to the â€Å"Swing Era† was celebrated clarinettist Arthur Jacob Arshawsky. better known as Artie Shaw. ( Originally. he called himself Art Shaw but was told that the name sounded like a sneeze. ) Born on May 23. 1910. in New York. New York. he was the lone kid of Judaic immigrants from Russia and Austria. Artie was a prima bandleader and wind performing artist. even being referred to as the King of the Clarinet. He foremost started acquiring serious about playing music at age 13 when he took up the saxophone. Around the age of 15. he quit school to larn to go a better instrumentalist. Subsequently. at age 16. he started with the clarinet. Shaw listened to several wind greats including Louis Armstrong as an effort to better his ain playing. He listened and learned about the plants of classical composers Igor Stravinsky and Claude Debussy. About 1935. when Artie Shaw was invited to take part at a swing concert at the Imperial Theatre. he put together a set. consisting of a twine four and a rhythm subdivision. and composed a particular piece for the event: Interlude in B Flat. His set gave one of the night’s greatest public presentations. and the audience was ebullient about their vocal. Reworking the music of Cole Porter. Richard Rodgers. and Jerome Kern. Shaw made these classically based criterions into swing. He scored his first large success in 1938 with his version of Porter’ s Begin the Beguine. As you can see. the clarinet had to undergo many alterations. has several â€Å"spin-offs† . and has a broad classical and jazz history. Several different keys were added over the old ages. Ranging from sopranino to octocontrabass. the clarinet has been a really successful woodwind instrument and has had really successful performing artists. Plants Cited â€Å"Artie Shaw Biography. † Biography. com. 9 Apr. 2011. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. life. com/articles/Artie-Shaw-9480862? part=0. web. â€Å"Clarinet. † Newworldencyclopedia. org. New World Encyclopedia 2011. Web. 10 Apr. 2011 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Clarinet. Web. â€Å"Clarinet History. † jlpublishing. com. 3 Feb. 2011. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jlpublishing. com/ClarinetHistory. htm. web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/157908/Johann-Christoph-Denner gt ; . Estrella. Espie. â€Å"Types of Clarinets. † About. com. 10 Apr. 2011. hypertext transfer protocol: //musiced. about. com/od/beginnersguide/a/clarinettypes. htm. web. Gottsegen. Ted. â€Å"Benny Goodman. † Redhotjazz. com. 9 Apr. 2011. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. redhotjazz. com/goodman. hypertext markup language. web. â€Å"Johann Christoph Denner. † Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2011. Web. 3 Feb. 2011.Merriam Webster Inc. Merriam Webster Inetmediate Dictionary. Springfield. Massachusetts. P. 139.

Risk Management Bart Erry Ltd

Risk management is defined as the process used to identify, assess and prioritize risks. Risks are normally handled or given attention according to the priority they are given. There are several steps involved in each of the processes of risk management.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Risk Management: Bart Erry Ltd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the identification of the risks, one has to consider their causes, the disruptions they cause to the company’s operations, the reasons for their occurrence, and the resultant changes (Haslet 2010, p. 12). In risk assessment, hazards consist of the harm that might be encountered in the course of managing the risk. Therefore, precautions, implementation and re-evaluation of all the stages and close monitoring, are the steps that need to be taken. All these factors are also considered in prioritizing risks (Lark, Galai Crouhy 2000, p. 110). Political Risks The location of the company’s production and manufacturing unit near Pluwer River is likely to raise concerns in the society. Operating restrictions may be a big setback and they could hinder the company’s expansion plans. The surrounding neighborhood complains of the risks of disease outbreak due to chemicals that have been spilled into the waters. The states and countries that use the Pluwer River’s waters are likely to file these complaints in court (Moran 2004, p. 65). Therefore, the company needs to re-examine its level of preparedness in managing these risks. The controls operating currently also need to be examined. The decision making operations should continue without failure as this may help solve the problem and improve the economy of the people living in this area, who depend on the company for employment (Henisz Zelner n.d., p. 3). Economic Risks The likelihood of the company having economic problems is another factor that should be considered. Due to the changes that have occurred in the global market, the organization must put in place new prizes for the company’s products. This is a risk that must be made by the company to avoid losing its trusted customers. The competition it gets from other car battery manufacturing companies is fierce.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Demand is likely to go down due to the relatively cheaper products of other companies, which are available in the market. Another way to solve the economic crisis this company is facing is the production of high quality products. The name of the company is a household brand in many countries, and this is one of the areas it could exploit (Rudolf, Hommel Frenkel 2005, p. 212). Social Risks The requisite measures should be taken to protect the vulnerable people in Puma Township. The social protection criterion has to be presented as safety for t he poor and the employees living in Puma town. The program should aim at improving the quality and standard of living of the people in this town. This could help promote cohesion between the company and the society (Lynch 2009, Para. 1-4). Technological Risks One of the technological risks facing this company is the production of batteries of poor quality. This might be a little higher in expenditure cost, but it could help in maintaining the customers’ trust and confidence. The reason behind this is the stiff competition from other manufacturing companies in the market. Since the prices of its batteries are relatively high, coming up with high quality products can enable it to record more sales without necessarily lowering its prices (Chapman 2011, p. 312). Legal Risks The company faces various legal risks, which need to be resolved. Product and employee liability risks are among the various legal dangers it faces. The product liability risk can be minimized by the company t hrough outsourcing. This absolves the company from being legally responsible for the final products. The employee’s liability refers to the deduction of their payments so that the company can invest more in regaining its economic stability (Dilanchian 2009, Para. 2). All companies must comply with the companies’ act of legislation and The Bart Err Limited is not an exception to this rule. If it fails to comply with this act, the company risks being subjected to legal action by the government or the other authorities involved (Padmanabhan, Lakshmikumaran Sridharan n.d., p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Risk Management: Bart Erry Ltd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Environmental Risks Environmental protection is very important to any organization or company. The Bart Erry Ltd. Company has a legal responsibility in protecting the environment from pollution. The risk of spillage of the company ’s chemical storage tanks to the Pluwer River is an environmental problem that must be tackled at once. The company is likely to be fined according to the law governing the environmental management and responsibility of such companies. This is an inescapable risk that the company has to take (Petley Smith 2009, p. 122). Competitive Risks The risk of competition is likely to see the company reduce the price of its batteries and their components. This will help attract customers who might consider buying batteries from the new companies that sell their products at cheaper prices. The company may experience an income reduction but at least maintain its market segment (Kytle Ruggie 2005, p. 2). Disaster Recovery Plan The Company should employ environmental hazard management experts to help in detoxification of Pluwer River. Appropriate anti-toxins should be used to reduce the level of the toxins released by the chemicals the company manufactures (Fischbacher-Smith Fischbacher- Smith 2012, Para. 1). The company can also decide to compensate the small scale fishermen in Puma town and encourage them to stop fishing until detoxification is completed. Taking into account the technical hazards that normally emerge, the company will have to construct a wall surrounding its storage facilities. This wall will prevent any future disasters from occurring in the future. The Bart Erry Ltd. Company has an obligation to ensure that the storage systems of its chemicals are improved so as to eliminate the possibility of spilling. The tanks should be closed with tight lids that should not break open, even under high pressure (Holzmann, Sherburne-Benz Tesliuc 2003, p. 3). The value chain analysis involves the manufacture, distribution, and supply of products to the consumers. The main parties involved in the chain are the shareholders of the company. In addition to manufacturing, the company also carries out distribution in order to reduce the cost of its batteries at the consumers’ level. The chemicals used by the company are produced by the same factory (Holzmann Jorgensen 2000, p. 4).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This reduces the expense incurred in buying finished chemical products as the cost of producing them is cheaper. The employees are directly linked to the company and can directly by doing business with it. The company employs these four principles for effective chain business running: auctions and bidding, chain coordination and supplying in e-business, multiple channels of supply and network design. These methods are yet to be fully implemented, even though some of them are underway (Simchi-Levi, Wu Shen 2004, p. 3). In summary, the Bart Erry Ltd Company is a blooming business oriented project with a vision of improving the lifestyle of people around Puma town and the world at large. Unanticipated disasters and other risks that occur in this type of business are to be expected. However, the effective management of the risks involved and the implementation of its well thought out strategies will see its expansion plans become a reality. References Chapman, R, J 2011, Simple tools a nd techniques fro enterprise risk management, John Wiley Sons, Chichester, UK. Dilanchian, N 2009, ‘Business law loegal risk management framework’, Dilanchian.com. Web. Fischbacher-Smith, D Fischbacher-Smith, M 2012, ‘Risk management’, Palgrave- journals.com. Web. Haslet, WV 2010, Risk management: foundations for a changing financial world, CFA Institute, Hoboken, NJ. Henisz, WJ Zelner, BA n.d., Political risk management: a strategic perspective, Wharton Publishers, Philadelphia, PA. Holzmann, R, Jorgensen, S 2000, Social risk management: a new conceptual  framework for social protection, and beyond, The World Bank, Washington, DC. Holzmann, R, Sherburne-Benz, L, Tesliuc, E 2003, Social risk management: the world  bank’s approach to social protection in a globalizing world, The Pennsylvania State University, Washington, DC. Kytle, B, Ruggie, JG 2005, Corporate social responsibility as risk management, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Lark , R, Galai, D, Crouhy, M 2000, Risk management, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, NY. Lynch, GS 2009, Risk management and economic change: a catalyst for re-evaluating  business preparedness, mitigation and response, Marsh McLennan Companies, Inc., New York, NY. Moran, TH 2004, International political risk management: the brave new world, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Mangement/ The World Bank, Washington, DC. Padmanabhan, TK, Lakshmikumaran, D, Sridharan, F n.d., Corporate legal risk-  management and mitigation, North Dakota, New Delhi. Petley, DN, Smith, K 2009, Environmental harzards: assessing risk and reducing  disaster, Routledge, New York, NY. Rudolf, L, Hommel, U Frenkel, M 2005, Risk management: challenge and opportunity, Springer Berlin, New York, NY. Simchi-Levi, D, Wu, S, D Shen, Z, M 2004, Supply chain analysis and e-business, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, NY. This report on Risk Management: Bart Erry Ltd was written and submitted by user Aria Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Timeline of Rockets - Leaving Earth Behind

Timeline of Rockets - Leaving Earth Behind 3000 BCE Babylonian astrologer-astronomers begin making methodical observations of the skies. 2000 BCE Babylonians develop a zodiac. 1300 BCE Chinese use of firework rockets becomes widespread. 1000 BCE Babylonians record sun/moon/planetary movements - Egyptians use sun clock. 600-400 BCE Pythagoras of Samos sets up a school. Parmenides of Elea, a student, proposes a spherical Earth made from condensed air and divided into five zones. He also sets forth ideas for stars being made of compressed fire and a finite, motionless, and spherical universe with illusory motion. 585 BCE Thales of Miletus, a Greek astronomer of the Ionian school, predicts the angular diameter of the sun. He also effectively predicts a solar eclipse, frightening Media and Lydia into negotiating for peace with the Greeks. 388-315 BCE Heraclides of Pontus explains the daily rotation of the stars by assuming that the Earth spins on its axis. He also discovers that Mercury and Venus revolve around the Sun instead of the Earth. 360 BCE Flying Pigeon (device that uses thrust) of Archytas made. 310-230 BCE Aristarchus of Samos proposes that the Earth revolves around the Sun. 276-196 BCE Eratosthenes, a Greek astronomer, measures the circumference of the Earth. He also finds the differences between planets and stars and prepares a star catalog. 250 BCE Herons aeolipile, which used steam power, was made. 150 BCE Hipparchus of Nicaea tries to measure the size of the sun and the moon. He also works on a theory to explain planetary motion and composes a star catalog with 850 entries. 46-120 AD - Plutarch sets forth in his De facie in orbe lunae (On the Face of the Moons Disk) 70 AD, that the moon is a small Earth inhabited by intelligent beings. He also puts forth theories that lunar markings are due to defects in our eyes, reflections from the Earth, or deep ravines filled with water or dark air. 127-141 AD Ptolomy publishes Almagest (aka Megiste Syntaxis-Great Collection), which states that the Earth is a central globe, with the universe revolving around it. 150 AD Lucian of Samosatas True History is published, the first science fiction story about Moon voyages. He also later does Icaromenippus, another moon-voyage story. 800 AD Baghdad becomes the astronomical study center of the world. 1010 AD The Persian poet Firdaus publishes a 60,000-verse epic poem, Sh_h-N_ma, about cosmic travel. 1232 AD Rockets ( arrows of flying fire) used at the siege of Kai-fung-fu. 1271 AD Robert Anglicus attempts to document surface and weather conditions on planets. 1380 AD T. Przypkowski studies rocketry. 1395-1405 AD Konrad Kyeser von Eichstdt produces Bellifortis, describing many military rockets. 1405 AD - Von Eichstdt writes about sky-rockets. 1420 AD - Fontana designs various rockets. 1543 AD - Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs), reviving Aristarchus heliocentric theory. 1546-1601 AD - Tycho Brahe measures positions of stars and planets. Supports heliocentric theory. 1564-1642 AD - Galileo Galilei first uses the telescope to observe the skies. Discovers sunspots, four major satellites on Jupiter (1610), and Venus phases. Defends Copernican theory in Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue of the Two Chief Systems of the World), 1632. 1571-1630 AD - Johannes Kepler derives the three great laws of planetary motion: planetary orbits are ellipses with the sun as one focus of the directly related to its distance from the Sun. Findings were published in Astronomia nova (New Astronomy), 1609, and De harmonice mundi (On the Harmony of the World), 1619. 1591 AD - Von Schmidlap writes a book about non-military rockets. Proposes rockets stabilized by sticks and rockets mounted on rockets for extra power. 1608 AD - Telescopes invented. 1628 AD - Mao Yuan-I makes the Wu Pei Chih, describing gunpowder and rocket manufacture and use. 1634 AD - Posthumous publication of Keplers Somnium (Dream), a science fiction entry defending heliocentrism. 1638 AD - Posthumous publication of Francis Goodwins The Man in the Moon: or a Discourse of Voyage Thither. It puts forth the theory that the attraction from the Earth is greater than that from the moon Publication of John Wilkins Discovery of a New World a discourse about life on other planets. 1642-1727 AD - Isaac Newton  synthesizes recent astronomical discoveries through universal gravitation in his famed, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), 1687. 1649, 1652 AD - Cyranos reference to fire-crackers in his novels, Voyage dans la Lune (Voyage to the Moon) and Histoire des États etc Empires du Soleil (History of the States and Empires of the Sun). Both refer to the newest scientific theories. 1668 AD - Rocket experiments near Berlin by the German colonel, Christoph von Geissler. 1672 AD - Cassini, an Italian astronomer, predicts the distance between Earth and Sun to be 86,000,000 miles. 1686 AD - Bernard de Fontenelles popular astronomy book, Entretiens sur la Pluralità © des Mondes (Discourses on the Plurality of Worlds) published. Contained speculations about the habitability of the planets. 1690 AD - Gabriel Daniels Voiage du Monde de Descartes (Voyage to the World of Descartes) discusses the souls separation from the body in order to go to the Globe of the Moon. 1698 AD - Christian Huygens, renowned scientist, writes Cosmotheoros, or Conjectures Concerning the Planetary Worlds, a non-fictional premise on life on other planets. 1703 AD - David Russens Iter Lunare: or Voyage to the Moon uses the idea of catapulting to the moon. 1705 AD - Daniel Defoes The Consolidator tells of an ancient races mastery of Lunar flight and describes various spaceships and legends of lunar flights. 1752 AD - Voltaires Micromà ©gas describes a race of people on the star Sirius. 1758 AD - Emanuel Swedenborg writes Earths in our Solar System, which takes Christian Huygens non-fictional approach to discussing life on other planets. 1775 AD - Louis Folie writes Le Philosophe Sans Prà ©tention, about a Mercurian who observes Earthlings. 1781 AD - March 13:  William Herschel  makes his own  telescope  and discovers Uranus. He also puts forth theories of a habitable sun and life on other planetary bodies. Hyder Ali of India uses rockets against the British (were composed of heavy metal tubes guided by bamboo and had a range of a mile). 1783 AD - First  manned balloon  flight made. 1792-1799 AD - Further use of military rockets against the British in India. 1799-1825 AD - Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace, produces a five-volume work to describe the Newtonian system of the world, entitled Celestial Mechanics. 1800 - British Admiral  Sir William Congreve  began working with rockets for military purposes in England. He had originally adapted the idea from Indian rockets. 1801 AD - Rocket experiments carried out by the scientist,  Congreve. Astronomers discover that the large gap between Mars and Jupiter contains a large asteroid belt. The largest, Ceres, was found to have a diameter of 480 miles. 1806 - Claude Ruggiere launched small animals in rockets equipped with parachutes, in France. 1806 AD - First major rocket bombardment done (on Boulogne, using Congreve rockets). 1807 AD - William Congreve  used his rockets in the  Napoleonic Wars, as the British attacked Copenhagen and Denmark. 1812 AD - British rocket fire on Blasdenburg. Results in the taking of Washington D.C. and the White House. 1813 AD - British Rocket Corps formed. Begin by taking action in Leipzig. 1814 AD - August 9: British rocket fire on Fort McHenry prompts Francis Scott Key to write the rockets red glare line in his famous poem. During the War of Independence, the British used the  Congreve rockets  to attack  Fort McHenry  in Baltimore. 1817 - In St. Petersburg, Russian Zasyadko rockets were fired. 1825 AD - Dutch forces bomb the Celebes tribe in the East Indies  William Hale  develops the stickless rocket. 1826 AD - Congreve performs further rocket experiments using stage rockets (rockets mounted on rockets) as set out by Von Schmidlap. 1827 AD - George Tucker, under the pseudonym Joseph Atterlay, represents a new wave in science fiction, through describing a spaceship in A Voyage to the Moon with some Account of the Manners and Customs, Science and Philosophy of the People of Morosofia and other Lunarians. 1828 - Russian Zasyadko rockets were put to use in the Russo Turkish War. 1835 AD - Edgar Allen Poe describes a lunar voyage in a balloon in Lunar Discoveries, Extraordinary Aerial Voyage by Baron Hans Pfaall. August 25: Richard Adams Locke publishes his Moon Hoax. He publishes a week-long serial in the New York Sun, as if written by Sir John Herschel, discoverer of Uranus, about moon creatures. This was under the title, Great Astronomical Discoveries Lately Made By Sir John Herschel. 1837 AD - Wilhelm Beer and Johann von Mdler publish a map of the moon using the telescope at Beers observatory. 1841 - C. Golightly was granted the first  patent  in England for a rocket-airplane. 1846 AD - Urbain Leverrier discovers Neptune. 1865 Jules Verne published his novel, entitled From the Earth to the Moon. 1883 Tsiolkovskys Free Space was published by Tsiolkovsky who describes a rocket that functioned in a vacuum under Newtons Action-Reaction laws of motion. 1895 Tsiolkovsky published a book on space exploration which was entitled Dreams of the Earth and the Sky. 1901 H.G. Wells published his book, The First Man in the Moon, in which a substance with anti-gravity properties launched men to the moon. 1903 Tsiolkovsky produced a work entitled Exploring Space with Devices. Within, he discussed the applications of liquid propellants. 1909 Robert Goddard, in his study of fuels, determined that liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen would serve as an efficient source of propulsion, when properly combusted. 1911 Russian Gorochof published plans for a reaction airplane which operated on crude oil and compressed air for fuel. 1914 Robert Goddard  was granted two U.S. patents for rockets using solid fuel, liquid fuel, multiple propellant charges, and multi-stage designs. 1918 November 6-7, Goddard fired several rocket devices for representatives of the U.S. Signal Corps, Air Corps, Army ordinance and other assorted guests, at the Aberdeen proving grounds. 1919 Robert Goddard  wrote, and then submitted A Method of Attaining Extreme Altitudes, to the Smithsonian Institution for publication. 1923 Herman Oberth published The Rocket into Interplanetary Space in Germany creating discussion on the technology of rocket propulsion. 1924 Tsiolkovsky conceived the idea of multi-stage rockets, and discussed them for the first time in Cosmic Rocket Trains. A Central Committee for the Study of Rocket Propulsion was established in the Soviet Union, in April. 1925 The Attainability of Celestial Bodies, by Walter Hohmann, described the principles involved in interplanetary flight. 1926 March 16:  Robert Goddard  tested the worlds first successful  liquid-fueled rocket, in Auburn, Massachusetts. It attained a height of 41 feet in 2.5 seconds, and it came to rest 184 feet from the launch pad. 1927 Enthusiasts in Germany formed the Society for Space Travel. Hermann Oberth was among the first several members to join. Die Rakete, a rocket publication, began in Germany. 1928 The first of nine volumes of an encyclopedia on interplanetary travel was published by Russian Professor Nikolai Rynin. In April, the first manned, rocket-powered, automobile was tested by Fritz von Opel, Max Valier and others, in Berlin, Germany. In June, the first manned flight in a rocket-powered glider was achieved. Friedrich Stamer was the pilot, and flew about one mile. Launch was achieved by an elastic launch rope and a 44 pound thrust rocket, then a second rocket fired while airborne. Hermann Oberth began acting as consultant to Film Director Fritz Langs Girl in the Moon and built a rocket for premiere publicity. The rocket exploded on the launch pad. 1929 Hermann Oberth published his second book about space travel, and one chapter included the idea of an electric space ship. On July 17, Robert Goddard launched a small 11 ft. rocket which carried a small camera, barometer and thermometer which were recovered after the flight. In August, many small  solid-propellant  rockets were attached to Junkers-33 seaplane, and were used to achieve the first recorded jet-assisted airplane take-off. 1930 In April, The American Rocket Society was founded in New York City by David Lasser, G. Edward Pendray, and ten others for the purpose of promoting interest in space travel. December 17th marked the establishment of a rocket program Kummersdorf. It was also decided that the Kummersdorf proving grounds would be equipped to develop military missiles. On December 30th,  Robert Goddard  fired an 11 foot  liquid fueled rocket, to a height of 2000 feet at a speed of 500 miles per hour. The launch took place near Roswell New Mexico. 1931 In Austria, Friedrich Schmiedl fired the worlds first mail carrying  rocket. David Lassers book, The Conquest of Space, was published in the United States. May 14: VfR successfully launched a  liquid-fueled rocket  to a height of 60 meters. 1932 Von Braun  and his colleagues demonstrated a  liquid fueled  rocket to the German Army. It crashed before the parachute opened, but  Von Braun  was soon employed to develop liquid fueled rockets for the Army. On April 19th, the first  Goddard  rocket with gyroscopically controlled vanes was fired. The vanes gave it automatically stabilized flight. In November, at Stockton N.J., the American Interplanetary Society tested a rocket design that they had adapted from the German Society for Space Travels designs. 1933 The Soviets launched a new rocket fueled by  solid  and  liquid  fuels, which reached a height of 400 meters. The launch took place near Moscow. At Stanten Island, New York, the American Interplanetary Society launched its No. 2 rocket, and watched it attain 250 feet in altitude in 2 seconds. 1934 In December,  Von Braun  and his associates launched 2 A-2 rockets, both to heights of 1.5 miles. 1935 The Russians fired a  liquid, powered rocket that achieved a height of over eight miles. In March, a rocket of Robert Goddards exceeded the speed of sound. In May,  Goddard  launched one of his gyro-controlled rockets to a height of 7500 feet, in New Mexico. 1936 Scientists from the California Institute of Technology began rocket testing near Pasadena, CA. This marked the beginning of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Smithsonian Institution printed  Robert Goddards  famous report,   Liquid  Propellant Rocket Development, in March. 1937 Von Braun  and his team relocated to a special, purpose-built rocket testing facility at Peenemunde on the Baltic Coast of Germany. Russia established rocket test centers in Leningrad, Moscow and Kazan. Goddard watched one of his rockets fly to higher than 9,000 feet, on March 27. This was the highest altitude attained by any of the  Goddard Rockets. 1938 Goddard  began to develop high speed fuel pumps, in order to better outfit  liquid fueled  rockets. 1939 German scientists fired, and recovered, A-5 rockets with gyroscopic controls that attained seven miles altitude and eleven miles range. 1940 The Royal Air Force used rockets against the Luftwaffe planes in the Battle of Britain. 1941 In July, the first U.S. based launch of a rocket assisted airplane took place. Lt. Homer A. Boushey piloted the craft. The U.S. Navy began developing Mousetrap, which was a ship-based 7.2 inch mortar-fired bomb. 1942 The U.S. Air Force launched its first air-to-air and air-to-surface rockets. After a failed attempt in June, Germans managed to successfully launch an  A-4  (V2) rocket, in October. It traveled 120 miles downrange from the launch pad. 1944 January 1st marked the beginning of long-range rocket development, by the California Institute of Technology. This testing resulted in the Private-A and Corporal rockets. In September, the first fully operational  V2 rocket  was launched against London, from Germany. Over a thousand V2s followed. Between the 1st and 16th of December, twenty four Private-A rockets were test fired at Camp Irwin, CA. 1945 Germany successfully launched the A-9, a winged prototype of the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, which was designed to reach North America. It reached almost 50 miles in altitude, and achieved a speed of 2,700 mph. The launch was executed on January 24th. In February, the Secretary of War approved the Armys plans to establish the White Sands Proving Grounds, for testing new rockets. On April 1st through 13th, seventeen rounds of Private-F rockets were fired at Hueco Ranch, Texas. On May 5th, Peenemunde was captured by the Red army, but the facilities there were mostly destroyed by the personnel. Von Braun  was captured by the U.S. and relocated to the White Sands proving ground in New Mexico. He was made part of Operation Paperclip. May 8th marked the end of the war in Europe. At the time of the German collapse, more than 20,000 V-1s and V-2s had been fired. Components of approximately 100 V-2 rockets arrived at the White Sands Testing Grounds, in August. On August 10,  Robert Goddard  died due to cancer. He died at the University of Maryland Hospital in Baltimore. In October, the U.S. Army established its first Guided Missile Battalion, with the Army Guard Forces. The Secretary Of War approved plans to bring top German rocket engineers to the U.S., in order to further knowledge and technology. Fifty five German scientists arrived at Fort Bliss and White Sands Proving Grounds, in December. 1946 In January, the U.S. outer space research program was started with captured  V-2 rockets. A V-2 panel of representatives of interested agencies was formed, and more than 60 rockets were fired before the supply was finally exhausted. On March 15, the first American built V-2 rocket was static-fired at the White Sands Proving Grounds. The first American-built rocket to leave the earths atmosphere (the WAC) was launched on March 22nd. It was launched from White Sands, and attained 50 miles of altitude. The U.S. Army began a program to develop two stage rockets. This resulted in the WAC Corporal as the 2nd stage of a  V-2. On October 24th, a V-2 with a motion picture camera was launched. It recorded images from 65 miles above the earth, covering 40,000 square miles. On December 17th, the first night-flight of a V-2 occurred. It achieved a record making 116 miles of altitude, and velocity of 3600 mph. German rocket engineers arrived in Russia to begin work with Soviet rocket research groups. Sergei Korolev built rockets using technology from the  V-2. 1947 The Russians began launch tests of their  V-2 rockets, at Kapustin Yar. Telemetry was successfully used for the first time in a V-2, launched from White Sands. On February 20th, the first of a series of rockets was launched for the purpose of testing ejection canister effectivity. On May 29, a modified V-2 landed 1.5 miles south of Juarez, Mexico, narrowly missing a large ammunition dump. The first V-2 to be launched from a ship was launched from the deck of the U.S.S. Midway, on September 6th. 1948 On May 13th, the first two-stage rocket launched in the Western Hemisphere was launched from the White Sands facility. It was a  V-2  which had been converted to include a WAC-Corporal upper stage. It reached a total altitude of 79 miles. White Sands launched the first in a series of rockets that contained live animals, on June 11. The launches were named Albert, after the monkey that rode in the first rocket. Albert died of suffocation in the rocket. Several monkeys and mice were killed in the experiments. On June 26, two rockets, a  V-2  and an Aerobee were launched from White Sands. The V-2 attained 60.3 miles, while the Aerobee attained 70 miles altitude. 1949 A number 5 two-stage rocket was launched to 244 miles of altitude, and 5,510 mph velocity over White Sands. It set a new record for the time-being, on February 24. On May 11,  President Truman  signed a bill for a 5,000 mile test range to extend from Cape Kennedy Florida. The Secretary of the Army approved the relocation of the White Sands scientists and their equipment to Huntsville, Alabama. 1950 On July 24th, the first rocket launch from Cape Kennedy was a number 8 of the two-stage rockets. It climbed to a total of 25 miles in altitude. A number 7 two-stage rocket was launched from Cape Kennedy. It set the record for the fastest moving man-made object, by traveling Mach 9. 1951 The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of California launched the first of a series of 3,544 Loki rockets, on June 22. The program ended 4 years later, after having fired the most rounds in ten years at White Sands. On August 7, a Navy Viking 7 rocket set the new altitude record for single stage rockets by reaching 136 miles and a speed of 4,100 mph. The launch of the 26th V-2, on October 29, concluded the use of the German rockets in upper atmosphere testing. 1952 On July 22, the first production-line Nike rocket made a successful flight. 1953 A missile was fired from an underground launch facility in White Sands on June 5. The facility was constructed by the Army Corps of Engineers. The first launch of the Armys Redstone missile, on August 20th, was conducted at Cape Kennedy by Redstone Arsenal Personnel. 1954 On August 17th, the first firing of a Lacrosse Group A  missile  was conducted at the White Sands facility. 1955 The White House announced, on July 29th, that President Eisenhower approved plans to launch unmanned satellites to circle the earth, as participation in the  International Geophysical Year. The Russians soon made similar announcements. On November 1st, the first guided missile equipped cruiser was placed in commission at the Philadelphia Naval Yard. On November 8th, the Secretary of Defense approved the  Jupiter  and Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) programs. President Eisenhower placed highest priority on Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) and the Thor and Jupiter IRBM programs on December 1st.

Love brief a case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Love brief a case - Essay Example The duo purchased recording equipment and recorded conversations with officials with a view to proving harassment and spoke of filing a law suit. It was the constant encounters with the authorities that ultimately gave way to a plan to kill certain officials. After Green informed the detective of his suspicions, he agreed to wear recording equipment in conversations with the appellant. Thereafter, Green turned over a recorded conversation he had with the appellant in which the plans were discussed. The threat was deemed serious and the FBI were brought in. Thereafter the appellant and his girlfriend were under surveillance. Identified victims were informed and some relocated out of fear. Subsequent conversations between Green and the appellant were recorded and the appellant and his girlfriend began purchasing equipment and making plans in furtherance of the plan. As the appellant and his girlfriend at a store purchasing the last of the equipment they were arrested. The appellant gav e his consent to a search of his home and shop in which equipment for making a bomb was discovered. Other equipment was discovered at the appellant’s shop. Although the appellant’s Miranda rights were read to him, he waived the right to remain silent and offered various explanations for the equipment found in his possession. Legal Issues: The appellant raised several issues on appeal. The evidential grounds related to a complaint that the was not enough evidence to convict him on the RICO charge. The appellant also argued that prior bad acts were improperly admitted into evidence and that allowing victim impact evidence deprived him of his right to a fair trial. Legal Reasoning: The Supreme Court of Ohio reasoned that victim impact evidence was properly admitted by the trial judge because it demonstrated the seriousness of the offences. The court also reasoned that the appellant’s claim of insufficient evidence on the RICO count was without

The Monetary Behavior as Created by the Federal Reserve Essay

The Monetary Behavior as Created by the Federal Reserve - Essay Example e instances, the value can be significantly higher, or even lower, than the dollar amount denoted on the paper, all due to the acts of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve also has the responsibility for the behavior of the dollar on the global exchange market, alongside the bigger picture of controlling how much currency is printed and in circulation at any one time (Federal Reserve Publications Committee, 2005). Any action taken by the Federal Reserve in regards to these factors can in some way, shape, or form, influence and controls the behavior of the US dollar. The Federal Reserve has the power, and has always had the power since its creation, to control the amount of funds in its regional banks throughout the United States. By the Federal Reserve requiring any Federal Reserve banks to keep reserves on hand to handle unexpected outflows as well as meet the demands for the daily operations, it was believed that stability in the behavior and value of a dollar would result (Fed eral Reserve Bank of San Francisco). These reserves, however, also play an important part in how the Federal Reserve controls the behavior of a US dollar throughout the nation and the world. From day to day, the amount of reserves a bank wants to hold may change in accordance with its daily transactions. Therefore, when a bank finds that it needs additional reserves on a short-term basis, it can borrow them from other banks that happen to have more reserves than they need (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco). The interest rate associated with this overnight borrowing of reserves is called the federal funds rate, which adjusts to balance the supply of and demand for reserves. The U.S. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets a target for the federal funds rate, and keeps the rate on... The Federal Reserve has the power, and has always had the power since its creation, to control the amount of funds in its regional banks throughout the United States. By the Federal Reserve requiring any Federal Reserve banks to keep reserves on hand to handle unexpected outflows as well as meet the demands for the daily operations, it was believed that stability in the behavior and value of a dollar would result (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco). These reserves, however, also play an important part in how the Federal Reserve controls the behavior of a US dollar throughout the nation and the world. From day to day, the amount of reserves a bank wants to hold may change in accordance with its daily transactions. Therefore, when a bank finds that it needs additional reserves on a short-term basis, it can borrow them from other banks that happen to have more reserves than they need (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco). The interest rate associated with this overnight borrowing of reserves is called the federal funds rate, which adjusts to balance the supply of and demand for reserves. The U.S. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets a target for the federal funds rate, and keeps the rate on target by increasing and decreasing bank reserves through transactions such as the buying and selling of U.S. Treasuries (Federal Reserve, 2011). This is all done in accordance with the long-term goals of monetary policy as stated above.

Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective - Term Paper Example The world is divided over the moral issues involved in taking the life of a person. Some people see no moral violations in allowing mercy killing whereas some others especially the believers in religion and God argue that only the creator has the right to take the life back of his creations. This paper briefly analyses the moral issues involved in euthanasia with the help of Kantian perspectives or moral theories of life. According to Kant, suicide was an action that violates moral responsibility. He believed that the proper end of rational beings requires self-preservation, and that suicide would, therefore, be inconsistent with the fundamental value of human life. Nobody has so far succeeded in creating an artificial life in a laboratory set up even though science and technology advanced a lot. The above fact itself clearly shows the value and preciousness associated with life. Kant believed that humans have the duty or the mission of managing his resources in the physical world and he has no right to intrude into the spiritual world. Nobody knows from where we come and where we go after death. But everybody knows that only the physical body will be destroyed after death whereas the spirit/soul which drives the human body may not have an end even after death. Kant believed that human being has a special place in the creations of god and hence morality is the core of every action or duty performed by a human being. Since man cannot have absolute surety in what is going to happen in the next moment, it is his mission to do his duty and don’t bother about the outcomes. In other words, the man comes to this earth for a temporary assignment and he is not sure about his mission in the past, present and in future. â€Å"According to Kant, every rational being exists as an end in himself and not merely as a means to be arbitrarily used by this or that will†.

Saudi Arabia and the UK: Cultural Differences

Saudi Arabia and the UK: Cultural Differences Cultural Differences The Variance of the countries and peoples is the culture of customs and traditions, and every country has its particular culture, whether if it is in the East or West. A culture of community is meant by patterns of social behaviour such as customs, believes, literature, arts, history , heritage, language, dress and everything relates to that sort. These cultural elements are combined to form a society characterized by special type to signify it from the rest of other communities. Not only that, but also, the culture of the community is thought of its members and determined its orientation.Unfortunately, only few people understand and appreciate cultural differences of other countries. In fact, they are unaware of the differences until they face the reality of a total different society, then they suffer from the inconvenience and conflicts of such customary habits. For further understanding, I will discuss in the following paragraphs cultural similarities and differences between Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom. The main similarity between the two countries, they are both kingdoms, however UK is headed by a queen (Elizabeth the second) while kingdom of Saudi Arabia headed by king Abdullah. UK has an elected prime minister ,who is rolling the country, while Saudi Arabia the king himself is the also prime minister and rolling the country. Furthermore, there is an education similarity in teaching science, math and physics, while difference exists in the education system, where in UK is divided into two systems: schooling and home education, Home education has always been common among the countrys elite. The Royal Family have all in the past been educated at home, including the current Queen, though more recently royalty have attended various public schools (anon 2008). Since this system is common in the past years, and even today, many parents would like to teach their children at home, as that kind of education does not exist in Saudi Arabia. Another educational difference between the two countries is clear in education system. Where as in UK males and females attend school together while in Saudi Arabia males and females attend completely separated schools. In terms of jobs, most of Saudi women prefer to be housewives and to raise children rather than working , because family gathering and interdependence of family in the Eastern societies is very important Of the communities. On the contrary.UK women do not give accord priority to marriage and having children. Women in the UK are equal to men in employment and jobs, where is the state encourages female employment, and there are several researches in this regard, as mentioned in Turgoose and Hall research . The vast majority of the women intend to increase their participation in work and some of them would like to increase the hours of work, in addition non working women would like to join the labour market. ( Turgoose and et al., 2006). Some countries have different religion that distinguishes them from other countries. Religion of Islam is the official Saudi Arabia , and is owed by all the people of Saudi Arabia , while the official religion in the United Kingdom is Christianity, but not all the people believe in god. Recent study Crabtree (2007) showed that about 72% were Christian, and 66% of the population has no actual connection to any religion or church. And in the last quarter of a century, half of all Christians stopped going to church. At the same time, there are some similarities between the two countries, where both allow the existence of other religions through the living outside the country, in Saudi Arabia there are a lot of Indians, and western people, as same in the UK there is many foreign nationalities and allows them to perform their religious rites freely. For religion, every religion has its special celebrations. Muslims in Saudi Arabia have special occasions such as Ramadan, Hajj and Eid. As for UK people, there many occasions to celebrate, such as Charismas, new-year day, Easter, Labor Day, and so on. Every occasion has its own special food that distinct it from rest of the events. In Saudi Arabia, Ramadan has a distinctive cuisine, such as kabsah, sambosa and other special food. In UK, Christmas and new year day are famous for turkey dinners, Easter characterized by its eggs. Another common difference, Transport in the UK has more advanced than Saudi Arabia, where they are using buses, trains and underground add to cars and vehicles. However, in Saudi Arabia cars is the only means of mobility and there are few buses, also there is only one Train station linking the capital Riyadh with Dammam city. But there are advanced studies on the establishment of many of the trains in the future, which is a joint project for construction of a railway link between Jeddah and Makkah and Madinah called The Haramain High-speed Railway (HHR), as it mentioned in the article (2009). In conclusion, it is clear that multiplicity of similarity between the two countries cultural aspects, there are some differences .It is noted that the culture of people in any country varies from one to another, and it is related to history, climate, religion, and some other un-seen factors. Cultural differences between countries exist, but due to usage of the new technology and with globalization and the spread new media tools, we will learn a lot of other countrys culture even if we are unable to visit it. Fast and easy transportation and modern technology facilitate people contacts which spread well under standing for other people cultures. By doing so, minor differences become smaller with time. Being open minded, and neglecting minor cultural differences, will bring different people together, which may result in spreading peace and more understanding between people of same planet EARTH. References Anon (2008) A short history of Home education [online]. home-education. Available from: http://www.home-education.org.uk/article-history-of-he.htm [Accessed 22 August, 2009] Anon (2009) Haramain High-speed Railway Saudi Arabia Architecture [online] .e-architect . Available from: http://www.e-architect.co.uk/saudi_arabia/haramain_high_speed_railway_stations.htm [Accessed 24 August, 2009] Crabtree, V. (2007) Religion in the United Kingdom Diversity, Trends and Decline [online].vexen. Available from: http://www.vexen.co.uk/UK/religion.html [Accessed 24 August, 2009] Turgoose, C. Hall, L. (2006) Encouraging an increase in the employment of women returners in areas of skill shortage in traditionally male industries [online] University of Sheffield. Available from: http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file28572.pdf [Accessed 23 August, 2009] Bibliography Hofstede, G. (2008) Cultural Differences in Teaching and Learning [online] . FUHU conference on Education and Training in the Multicultural Classroom Copenhagen. Available from: http://fuhu.dk/filer/FBE/Arrangementer/Denmark%20Unlimited%20080508/FBE_geert_hofstede_teaching_learning.pdf [Accessed 21 August, 2009] Vaara, E. (2000). Constructions of Cultural Differences in Post Merger Change Processes:A Sensemaking Perspective on Finnish-Swedish Case [online] Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration. Available from: http://www.management-aims.com/PapersMgmt/33Vaara.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2009]

Steppenwolf : The Disintegration of Harry Haller as it Relates to Music

Steppenwolf : The Disintegration of Harry Haller as it Relates to Music      Ã‚  Ã‚   Among the many themes present in Hermann Hesse's 1927 novel Steppenwolf, two stand out as basic threads around which the story is constructed: the isolated nature of the artist and the duality of existence (Benà ©t 471). Harry Haller, the protagonist of the novel, is portrayed as an outsider to society and to modern life; he must struggle with his own outmoded ideals and bestiality to embrace humanity and reality. His Zerrissenheit, or disintegration (literally translated, "the state of being torn apart" [Benà ©t 1142]), culminates in the Magic Theater at the finish of the novel. Here, he finds himself a changed man, with a clearer understanding of human and social relations. Harry Haller's progress to this point can be traced through his changing perception of music and the role it plays in his life: as he becomes increasingly disenchanted with his former lifestyle and actively interested in his new one, his understanding and acceptance of new and old music undergoes a significant change.    The preface to the novel establishes Harry Haller as a great lover of music. In it, Haller's landlord remarks on his habits and characteristics. One of the most striking encounters he has with Haller takes place at a symphony one night:    First some Handel was played, noble and lovely music. But the Steppenwolf sat absorbed in his own thoughts...After the Handel came a little symphony of Friedemann Bach, and I saw with surprise how after a few bars my stranger began to smile and abandon himself to the music...for about ten minutes [he was] so happily lost and rapt in pleasant dreams... ... the seriousness and spirituality of the piece.    Haller's Zerrissenheit culminates in an understanding that humor, love of life and passion with a sense of restraint are essential to spiritual health. To live comfortably and yet fully need not be an unattainable standard of life. One may be original without pretense, whole with many parts; it is certainly possible to understand the holy pain of a long, complex movement and yet still take pleasure in the fast step of a fox trot.    Works Cited   Benà ©t, William Rose. "Hermann Hesse." Benà ©t's Reader's Encyclopedia. 4th ed. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1996.   Benà ©t, William Rose. "Zerrissenheit." Benà ©t's Reader's Encyclopedia. 4th ed. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1996.   Hesse, Hermann. Steppenwolf. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1927.   

Parental Influence on Childrens Socialization Gender Roles Essay

The article Parental Influence on Children’s Socialization to Gender Roles by Susan D. Witt is about gender socialization and the primary role parent’s play. She states that children learn at an early age what it means to be a boy or girl. Witt states that it is different for a child to grow and not experience some sort of gender bias. The basic expectation during a child’s primary development is socialization that comes about through parents influence. Witt states that a child’s earliest exposure to what it means to be male or female comes from parents. An earliest exposure would be a parent dressing the child in gender specific colors such as pink for girls and blue for boys. Another early exposure to gender socialization would be gender differentiated toys such as dolls for girls and trucks for boys. Children internalize parental messages regarding gender at an early age (Witt, Susan D. 1997). In Witt’s article she states that one study found that children at age two and a half use gender stereotypes in negotiating their world. In a 1992 article by Steinbacher and Holmes it stated that most parents prefer male children throughout the world ad that these people are most likely to use technology for selecting sex of a child this is defiantly a form of gender bias. Parents often encourage their children, both sons and daughters to participate in gender type activities (Witt, Susan D. 1997), such as cooking for girls or playing with trucks for boys. Both parental sex typing is shown in children’s toy preferences and both mother and father have been found to reinforce stereotypes however, fathers have been shown to reinforce these stereotypes more. Children’s bedrooms have shown they are more so than not gender specific. Such as, girls rooms having more pink, dolls and manipulative toys and boys rooms having more blue, tools or sports related themes (Witt, Susan D. 1997). Research has shown that a parent’s influence is a primary socialization tool in a child’s development however, Some studies have suggested that parents as a gender socialization factor have little impact on a child’s sex role development (Witt, Susan D. 1997). Studies have shown that parents treat sons and daughters differently and that this plays a role into adult relationships. Witt states that parental attributes towards their children have a strong impact on their development and self-esteem. Sex role stereotypes are established in early childhood. It is shown that messages about appropriate behavior are based on gender, there are some benefits to strict gender stereotypes such as providing a sense of security and to facilitate decision making (Witt, Susan D. 1997). Witt states a negative factor to gender stereotyping and socialization would be limiting opportunities for both boys and girls based on what is seen to be gender appropriate in society. She also states that androgynous (neutral) individuals have been found to have higher self-esteem and higher levels of identity achievement and more flexibility in dating and relationships. Witt also states that children with parents who have more neutral values tend to be more knowledgeable about non sex type objects and occupations. Families who look at situations with less gender specific roles have been found to score highest in parental warmth and support (Witt, Susan D. 1997). Because of the strong influence of parents regarding gender role socialization those which were to be gender fair and encourage the best in both their sons and/or daughters would do well to adapt to genderless role orientation and encourage the same in their children (Witt, Susan D, 1997). Witt’s article shows her view and others of gender socialization and how it plays a role in a child’s upbringing.

Analytical Essay Sample Based on the Book The Murder of Helen Jewett

Analytical Essay Sample Based on the Book The Murder of Helen Jewett Dorcas Doyen, more popularly known as Helen Jewett, is at the centre of the book The Murder of Helen Jewett written by Patricia Cline Cohen in 1999. Doyen or Jewett as she is popularly known was born in Temple, Maine on October 18 1883 to a working class family. Her mother died while she was still a child and her father, who was an alcoholic, followed soon. Orphaned at an early age, she was adopted by a local judge, Chief Justice Nathan Weston and his family who provided her with a good education (Cohen, 23). She additionally worked as a servant in the judge’s home and it is here that she grew into a young woman renowned for her beauty. She is said to have developed sexual assertiveness at this point and was rumoured to be involved with a Banker in an affair that became scandalous. Upon attaining 18 years of age, the girl moved out of the judge’s home and began working as a prostitute in Portland, Maine, under an assumed name, as was the practice at the time. Her trade took her to Boston, and then finally to New York where she met her death (Cohen, 37). Her murder brought to the fore various aspects of people’s lifestyles that may have contribute to the nature of life that Jewett led besides other women and men. Upon the discovery of her murder and the attempted arson on her body, investigators focused on her long time client and close associate, Richard P. Robinson who used the name Frank Rivers when visiting prostitutes such as Jewett. During the times when Jewett lived, the 19th century, women were expected to practice a lot of restraint during their lives yet their living conditions and the opportunities that were available to them were very limited compared to their men folk. Women were expected to be pious, which meant that were expected to be deeply spiritual and those women that actually managed were regarded well and accorded the honour of having a position in a church or in a charitable organization (Cohen, 78). It was believed that the nature of women placed them in a better position to handle both Christian leadership as well as domestic duties. The number of women that were church ministers at that time was great. Piety and observance of religious activities was supposed to keep women from conducting themselves â€Å"badly† and was supposed to encourage them to bring pleasure to their minds. Piety was also recommended for men but not as strongly (Cohen, 79). As a result of this preoccupation with religion, â€Å"mental derangement as a result of religious excitement† was blamed for suicide among women. This thinking on the part of society restricted women to lives that were devoid of challenges and excitement as a way of wielding control over them. However, men were not severely subjected to these terms of piety as the women folk were (Cohen, 79). Women were expected to get married and once married; they were considered the property of their husbands. Women were additionally expected to be â€Å"pure†. This purity referred to sexual matters and it is therefore hardly surprising that prostitutes such as Jewett were looked down on at this time after losing their â€Å"purity† (Cohen, 56). it is important to note that even though women were encouraged to be pure all their lives and given recommendations on how to go about this, men on the other hand were only advised on how to recover once they had participated in impure acts (Cohen, 59). Those who engaged in these â€Å"impure acts† knew of the implications as well as the perceptions of the society and it is therefore the reason both men and women who met for prostitution purposes used names other than their own. Prostitutes at this time were confined to parlour houses and brothels for those that attracted upper class clientele and bawdy houses that catered to clients of lower classes (Cohen, 63). Once a woman had engaged in prostitution, it was very hard for her to e integrate with society again and be accorded the same opportunities. Adulterous women were regarded with the same kind of contempt while adulterous men were not treated so harshly. Moreover, if a woman engaged in premarital sex and bore a baby out of it, she was disowned by her family. The woman may have been forced to leave the family home and in addition, the father of the child was not held responsible for child support (Cohen, 65). The opportunities that were available to women during the 19th century depended on the social economic status of the women. Lower class women, who were mostly daughters of poor farmers, had to work in order to support their poor families (Cohen, 68). The kind of employment that these girls got included household chores for richer families, laundry, tailoring, nursing or midwifery. The highest paying of these were midwifery, nursing and dressmaking as they involved skills. Upper class white women of the nineteenth century were generally pampered as they grew up with nothing to do and with servants to mind them (Cohen, 71). However, upon marriage, they were expected to oversee the welfare of their households and that of their slaves including but not limited to making clothes for them and nursing them. These women had very few opportunities for education with only three colleges admitting women; their opportunities for formal jobs were even less. However, there are omen that managed to get very high levels of education in those times and become experts in fields such as engineering, and physics among others. This ensured that women were not adequately equipped to live independent lives and they had to rely on somebody; most preferably a man (Cohen, 73). In the case of Jewett, she is reputed to have been a highly educated lady and very intelligent on the basis of the letters that she wrote and the books that she read. Unlike other women, she was better placed to benefit from opportunities that other women could not benefit from such as entry to one of the few colleges (Cohen, 77). She was possibly bound by the expectations that society had of her and by engaging in an affair with a banker to begin with, may have felt that she had no more options in life except for a life of prostitution (Cohen, 80). This career, which she chose, was The legal system of the day was no better for the women that lived in that period. Like everything else, when dealing with women, their marital status was a factor that determined the outcome of the legal situation (Cohen, 25). Women were expected to be married and have children; once married, all her assets, liabilities, and everything they owed was transferred to their husbands. Consequently, if somebody wronged a woman, it is her husband that could institute charges and prosecute (Cohen, 33). Because of this, married women relied on the possibility that their husbands were kind and good people that had their best interests at heart. This meant that it was highly unlikely for single women to get a fair hearing or even any hint of attention from the law enforcement and legal authorities (Cohen, 54). This is especially visible in the trial of Richard P Robinson in the murder of Helen Jewett. The judge that presided over the particular case particularly told the jury to not consider t he evidence that was presented by the prosecution’s witnesses for the reason that most of the witnesses worked as prostitutes. In conclusion, the lives which women lived in the 19th century were markedly different from the lives that men lived in the same period. Women were subjected to a vast number of rules and so much was expected from them in comparison to their male counterparts. Men were exposed to so many opportunities as far as education, place in society, and job opportunities are concerned (Cohen, 52). They were placed at a higher place than women were and in addition, hardly suffered the same consequences that women suffered for the same offences. Moreover, men were in a position to make rules, which would ensure women continued to be repressed in society (Cohen, 64). On the hand, women were mostly expected to marry and have children. After marriage, the woman and everything she owned or owed belonged to the husband. This placed her in a precarious position as even her wellbeing depended on the whims of her husband. Due to this kind of thinking, the learning opportunities for women were very few a nd even fewer were their job prospects even after finishing college if they ever managed to enter in one in the first place. Society expected women to be pious, pure and chaste and failure of a woman to achieve these standards meant that she was considered an outcast like Jewett was (Cohen, 69). It s this kind of situation that may have put Jewett in the situation that led to her murder as prostitution as a career even today has been proved to expose women to the dangers of death more than any other career. More than anything, it is her career and the career of the prosecution’s witnesses that caused her case to not be taken seriously by the legal system. This was done in total ignorance of the lives that women were forced to live at the time (Cohen, 74).